Data and its types

The data have been stored in different types in various applications based on the needs. The popular form of the data is in tabular form such as given below.

The tabular data shown above has few rows and columns. The each row represents each record. The each column represents the different attributes of each record.

The record is also referred as Sample, Instance, Case etc.

The attribute of a record is also referred as Variable, Field, Feature etc.

The attribute of the record shall be captured in different types. They are

Nominal - Provides distinguishable information such as Student ID, Gender etc

Ordinal - Provides comparable information such as Score, Grades etc

Interval - Provides interval information such as Dates etc

Ratio - Provides ratio information such as Age, Height etc

The properties of attribute values shall be

Distinctness [ Equal to or Not Equal to ]
Ordering [ Greater than or Less than ]
Addition/Subtraction
Multiplication/Division

The attributes of the record shall possess the properties based on its type.

Nominal - Distinctness

Ordinal - Distinctness & Ordering

Interval - Distinctness, Ordering & Addition/Subtraction

Ratio - Distinctness, Ordering, Addition/Subtraction & Multiplication/Division

Exercise 2 - Amdahl's Law

A programmer has parallelized 99% of a program, but there is no value in increasing the problem size, i.e., the program will always be run with the same problem size regardless of the number of processors or cores used. What is the expected speedup on 20 processors? Solution As per Amdahl's law, the speedup, N - No of processors = 20 f - % of parallel operation = 99% = 1 / (1 - 0.99) + (0.99 / 20) = 1 / 0.01 + (0.99 / 20) = 16.807 The expected speedup on 20 processors is 16.807

Exercise 1 - Amdahl's Law

A programmer is given the job to write a program on a computer with processor having speedup factor 3.8 on 4 processors. He makes it 95% parallel and goes home dreaming of a big pay raise. Using Amdahl’s law, and assuming the problem size is the same as the serial version, and ignoring communication costs, what is the speedup factor that the programmer will get? Solution Speedup formula as per Amdahl's Law, N - no of processor = 4 f - % of parallel operation = 95% Speedup = 1 / (1 - 0.95) + (0.95/4) = 1 / 0.5 + (0.95/4) Speedup = 3.478 The programmer gets 3.478 as t he speedup factor.

BITS Work Integrated Learning Program - M.Tech Data Science & Engineering

BITS Pilani offers work integrated learning program (WILP) on M.Tech Data Science and Engineering which is UGC approved. The course is a four semester programme designed to help work professionals to build their skills required for data science engineering which enable them to become a Data Scientist. It is a 100% online course and lectures would be delivered by BITS Pilani faculty on weekends. Those who are working in software industry as Software Engineer, Programmer, Data Analyst, Business Analyst can apply for the course. Minimum eligibility criteria to apply for the course. Those who are employed holding B.E/B.Tech/MCA/M.Sc or Equivalent with 60% marks and minimum one year relevant work experience. The candidates should have basic programming and engineering mathematics knowledge. The following subjects shall be covered in the course. Semester Subjects Data Mining Mathematical Fundamentals for Data Science Data Structure and Algorithms Design Co...

The Data Ilm

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